Nature vs Nurture in Frankenstein Essay - 882 Words

Nature vs. Nurture in Frankenstein In the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, the relationship of external appearance and internal feelings are directly related. The creature is created and he is innocent, though he is severely deformed. His nature is to be good and kind, but society only views his external appearance which is deformed. Human nature is to judge by external appearance. He is automatically detested and labeled as a monster because of his external appearance. He finally realized that no matter how well he speaks and how kind he is, people will never be able to see past his external deformities. Children are fearful of him, Adults think he is dangerous, and his own creator abandons him in disgust. The creature is†¦show more content†¦He does not spend any time with his creation because of the abnormal appearance of the creature. From this point on the creature is doomed to receive this type of reaction from anyone who sees him, because human nature is to fear the unknown. The creature†™s creator is afraid of him. The creature doesnt have anybody to teach, nurture, or protect him from the world. After creating the creature Victor says, I beheld the wretch†¦His jaws opened and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks. He might have spoken, but I did not hear, on hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me, but I escaped and rushed downstairs. (57). The creature is looking for his creator. When the creature grins, or smiles, he’s reaching out for Victor for guidance and support. Victor judges the creature completely by his external appearance. He doesnt spend any time to find out if the creature is intelligent, kind or has any feelings at all. The creature is now left to fend for himself. Victor goes along with his own life and forgets about the creature. The years past and the creature spent this time alone, alienated and detested by society. They meet up a few years later in the woods, after Justine’s trial, the Creature goes on to say, Remember, that I am thy creature, I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel, whom thou drivest from joy for no misdeed.Show MoreRelatedFrankenstein Nurture Vs Nature1374 Words   |  6 PagesFrankenstein, a novel by Mary Shelley, tells the story of Victor Frankenstein’s pursuit of creation and the monster he unintentionally brought to life. Horrified with his own creation, Victor escaped his responsibilities, leaving him to fend for himself. The story follows the monster’s futile attempts to assimilate into humanity, his hatred finally leading him to killing his creator’s family one by one until Frankenstein committed himself to vengeance. The theme of humanity was prevalent throughoutRead MoreNature vs. Nurture in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley884 Words    |  4 PagesNature (our genes) and nurture (our environment) affect our individual differences in behavior and personality. In the novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley addresses the conflict of nature vs. nurture. Victor Frankenstein creates a child whom he abandons upon birth. This brings up questions such as, was the creature genetically inclined to be evil, or did the hostility he encountered turn him evil? Are ones surroundings determined by who they become later in life? Does nurture form ones characteristicsRead MoreNature vs. Nurture in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1247 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment, and deeds. As crucial as canvas in art, the philosophy of nature and nurture come together as the fundamental structure to one’s personality and genetic makeup. In the novella, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, the association of the exterior appearance and inner feelings are openly linked. The hideous creature that the science addict, Victor Frankenstein, makes is initially in nocent yet severely deformed. His nature is to be benevolent and sympathetic, however, society only views his externalRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture in Mary Shelley ´s Frankenstein1008 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs. Nurture Francis Galton, the English Victorian polymath first coined the term, Nature vs. Nurture in 1871, when he considered how much influence our upbringing had on our fate, and whether or not our destiny was preset. Long before the term Nature vs. Nurture was coined, Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel, Frankenstein, explored the idea of nature vs. nurture in the context of creation. The greatest exemplification of Nature vs. Nurture in Frankenstein is explored in the fate of the Creature, whoRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture In Frankenstein By Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1158 Words   |  5 PagesNature versus nurture has been a popular topic of discussion among psychologists, scientists, educators, and parents. The main focus of the nature versus nurture debate is how it affects human behavior and development. The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley emphasises the idea that parents and families have a powerful influence on human behavior, which is demonstrated in the relationship between Creature and Victor. â€Å"Folding Beijing† written by Hao Jingfang takes a different perspective on the ideaRead MoreEssay on Nature vs Nurture in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein2036 Words   |  9 Pagesthe result of nature or nurture. In the writings of Thomas Hobbes, it is expressed that humans are endowed with character from birth, and that they are innately evil in nature. John Locke’s response to this theory is that everyone is born with a tabula rasa, or blank slate, and then develops character after a series of formative experiences. The idea that true character is the result of experiences and societal interaction is a theme deeply explored throughout Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Through differentRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Mary Shelley s Frankenstein2057 Words   |  9 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the theme of nature versus nurture is seen throughout the novel. Freud and many psychologists state that nature and nurture influence development because genes and environment, biological and social factors direct life courses, and their effects intertwine. Through the Creature s continual rejection by society and Victor, Mary Shelley shows that social rejection altars the Creature’s attitude towards society and pushes him to be vengeful. In Frankenstein the Creature experiencesRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein - Nature Vs Nurture1857 Words   |  8 Pagesone of the most notable themes in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the role of nature versus nurture in developing children, recurs throughout the novel with the two main characters, Frankenstein and his creature, believing in opposite sides of this theme. Favoring nature, Frankenstein maintains that the creature was always evil from the moment of creation, regardless of the creature’s experiences. However, the creature, in his narrative to Frankenstein, argues that â€Å"[he] was benevolent and good; miseryRead MoreFrankenstein : Are Monsters Born Or Created?1058 Words   |  5 PagesFrankenstein: Are Monsters Born or Created? Throughout the novel Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley, the creature is subjected to countless acts of violence and rejection. For a monster to develop, one must have been formerly exploited either by an individual or their society. The creature is not only a physical product of science, but his atrocious behavior is also an explicit result of Victor’s actions toward him. The creature was not born a monster, but slowly morphed into one as he experiencesRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : The Debate Of Nature Versus Nurture895 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs. Nurture The debate of nature versus nurture has been an ongoing debate for a long time. When applying this argument to education there is no proven winner. The nature side of the coin believes that a person is born the way that they are. This could include intelligence level or personality traits such as being outgoing or shy. The other side of the argument of nurture believes that the type of upbringing that someone has will play a large role in the way they develop. It is thought

How Changes Throughout History Have Influenced The...

Introduction This paper endeavors to evaluate how a person within late adulthood has been impacted by larger systems within their environment. Furthermore, this paper will examine how changes throughout history have influenced the person’s life course trajectory. In an effort to evaluate these factors, an interview of a person in late adulthood was conducted. To gain a clearer understanding of how these factors influence a person within late adulthood, feminist theory and the empowerment prospective were applied to evaluate how these aspects have impacted the interviewee’s life experiences. Thus, gleaning from the interviewee’s own experiences, the interviewee’s developmental strengths and weaknesses were compared and contrasted to†¦show more content†¦She graduated from high school, and went on to college and attained her teaching degree. After teaching for several years, she married a pilot in the United States Marines. During the war in Vietnam, her husba nd was killed and she was windowed for the first time. At the time of her husband’s death, she was pregnant with her third child. Shortly after she delivered her third child, she met and married my grandfather, who had five children of his own. She lived with him until his recent death last year. Prior to my grandfather’s death, she and my grandfather had amassed a significant amount of wealth. She is currently financially, and physically independent and lives at home alone. Daily Life During the interview, my grandmother commented on not feeling as old as she is. While some of her friends have passed away or gone on to nursing homes, she continues to maintain an independent, high functioning lifestyle. However, she knows a time will come when she is not going to be able to continue to live the way she has been living. She described those in her age cohort as varying tremendously in function as they all proceeded into late adulthood. As the research attests, for those in late adulthood, age is not a true indicator of functioning. Research has confirmed that, the better that older people function, the younger older people they feel. Function and development are directly

Faulkners Light in August - Hightowers Epiphany Essay

Light in August - Hightowers Epiphany Most criticism concerning Faulkners novel, Light in August, usually considers the character of Joe Christmas. Christmas certainly deserves the attention paid to him, but too often this attention obscures other noteworthy elements of the complex novel. Often lost in the shuffle is another character, the Reverend Gail Hightower, who deserves greater scrutiny. A closer examination of Hightower reveals Faulkners deep concern for the South and the collective suffering of its people. Hightower, through his own personal epiphany, transcends the curse under which the South has suffered for so long. Of course, the central character of Joe Christmas has dominated criticism of the†¦show more content†¦Which to me is the worst possible condition a man could find himself in--not knowing what he is and to know that he will never know. (FIU 72) According to Faulkner, then, even Christmas does not know his heritage for sure, and that lack of knowledge apparently condemns him to a racial limbo from which there is no escape. Actually, Christmas is free to define himself as he sees fit. Even if he does possess Negro blood, it is not enough to prevent him from passing as a white man, and most characters who know him believe only that perhaps his father was a Mexican. Christmas passes as a white man by posing as a black one. James Snead remarks, Joe Christmas hides his blackness behind the screen of a negros job: He pretends to slave like a negro so no one will think he is one (84). By accepting a menial labor job at a planing mill and living in a shack, he plays the role of a white man playing the role of a black man. Only when he confesses his suspicions do people see him as black: I think I got some nigger blood in me. . . . I dont know. I believe I have (LIA 216). But this confession hardly amounts to a definitive statement. By failing to provide an ultimate answer to the question of Christmas blood, Faulkner achieves what John L. Longley, Jr. considers to be one of [his] clearest strokes of genius (166). We all must confront our own racial feelings when we try to force Christmas into a category, and hisShow MoreRelated Prayer in William Faulkners Light in August Essays2217 Words   |  9 Pagesinexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.   -William Faulkner, Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech, 1949      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Faulkner illustrates many dimensions of prayer in Light in August: his characters avoid it, abuse it, embrace it, and blame it. In every case, Faulkner portrays prayers power on the psyche. His fictional world seems Godless, yet his characters struggle to prevail through prayer. Joanna Burden, Gail Hightower

Demography Inflation and Monetary Policy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Demography Inflation and Monetary Policy. Answer: Introduction: Since the period when the world had witnessed the global recession of 2008, financial markets, numerous organisations and banks have continued to suffer its long lasting effects. The current market trends have been positive but the lingering effects of the global turmoil of the erstwhile years are still reflected to this date (Eton et al.2016). Financial institutions and banks still continue to operate keeping in view these financial implications. Banks which are regarded as one of the most important contributors of a nations economic growth were hit the most, when the recession had struck in. Combined with the volatile market conditions, the effects of past recession and the malpractices which have crept in the banking sector have significantly impacted the banks performance (Barthe 2017). Today, banks have been encountering the problem of low profitability when compared to the profits of other industries like petroleum and technology. The major financial scandals and scams have led to a loss of trust of the customers on the banking industry. Moreover, the financial downswings and the depleting fiduciary issues with its customers have seriously impacted the banks. The Libor scandals and other cases of money laundering associated with banks have also led to significant amount of reputational loss for the banking sector. This has compelled them to restructure and reinvigorate the commonly practised banking ways to give way to innovative and robust banking ways, in order to improve profitability and revitalise the long lost trust. One of the most neglected factors behind the financial downfall has been the depreciating corporate culture, prevalent in the banking sector. The lethargic and passive corporate culture has been one of the foremost reasons for the downfall of the banking industry (Darmine 2013).There is an innate relationship between corporate cultures practiced in banks with their performance. Corporate culture which practised in the banking industry has significant impact on the banks performance for various reasons. Some of them are: The profitability and performance of the banks are deeply embedded in the practices adopted in the corporate lifestyle of the bank officials. Their motivation, presence and participation in the day to day banking procedures have a direct correlation with their overall performance and motivation. Good compensation for the employees drives them to perform consistently. Everybody wants a part of the profit. Consequently when the banks perform well, the employees also want a part of the profits too. According to Kevin Stiroh of Harvard business review, an organisation which consistently maintains and strives to attain a high level of cultural capital and structure, maintains a comparatively low rate of misconducts and financial risks in their day to day functioning. In such an organisation, the companys policies, processes, values and aims are continuously in aligned with the motivation and morale of its employees.In such a scenario, the tendency to commit financial frauds of any kind decreases, consequently increasing consumers confidence. According to Thakors 2016 paper The Federal Reserve Bank of New York Policy,a consistent and strong culture can also essay the role of a perfect associative matching device, which acts as the link between banks and their employees, when both the parties have the same views about the market opportunities and growth. The importance of culture in the banking industry can no longer be ignored. The financial misconducts, scandals, scams would continue, if timely steps are not taken. The presence and acknowledgement of culture in the banking industries is of paramount importance. All this while, the cultural factor has been ignored by the various officials of the banking industry. Despite the involvement of banking officials in upholding the importance of cultural capital in the banking industry, market misconducts still exists. As per Thakors findings, this happens primarily because of the three prominent factors which are Externalities, Principal- Agent relationship and Adverse Selection. Externalities refers to the impact a variable has on the other when each of them operates in the same environment. When a company pollutes while making its products, the ultimate burden falls on rest of the society and not on the immediate buyer or the seller (Thakor 2016). Principal Agent problems occur when the interests of the employees are not in proper alignment with the companys goals and policies. Adverse selection, on the other hand occurs when, persons who are not qualified for the job are selected for those tasks and purposes. When such practices occur regularly, despite working towards the cultural capital of the company, no significant changes takes place in avoiding the financial scams and misconducts. The bank executives must use stringent actions to stop these misconducts. Usage of zero tolerance policies and undertaking criminal cases against the individual perpetrators is the need of the hour. Moreover today, it becomes imperative for the government and the public sector to be involved in the banking sector and invest in its cultural capital in order to uproot the evils of financial misconducts and scams. The concerned diagram comes under the purview of Macroeconomic theory. The diagram presents the complete cycle of the implications political pressure on trade and a countrys overall financial performance. The steps elaborately explained below: Political Pressure: Political pressure refers to the pressure exerted by the political parties upon the various parts of an economy. It is generally backed by ulterior motives and may or may not result in any positive bearing upon the economy. Rise in Public sector expenditure: Political expenditure is followed by an increase in the expenditure of public sector. It can happen in many ways. For instance, when the government increases spending on defence and other allied sectors. This creates a monetary vacuum in the hands of the customers because of the diversion of the funds. Fiscal deficit: A fiscal deficit takes place when the total expenditure incurred by an economys government surpasses its revenues, the negative income created as a result of this is known as deficit. This has a lot of implications and impact on the economy. The impact can both be negative as well as positive in nature. Economists like Keynes believe fiscal deficit is good for an economy as it helps it to climb out of the pitfalls of economic depression. Whereas, conservationist economist believe that a government should strive to avoid scenarios of fiscal deficit to maintain a balanced approach. Price rise: One of the most dangerous implications of fiscal deficit is the increase in the prices of the commodities. This causes a great amount of distress for the common consumers. The fiscal gap compels the prices of the various goods to increase. This happens because the government needs money to recover the deficit gap, which was created by the fiscal deficit. Debt monetization: Monetizing debtis a two way procedure where the government issues debt generally which are government backed bonds to cover its spending, which leads to the purchase of those bonds by the central bank of the country. They keep them until they become due for payment and consequently, they purchase it from the government leaving them with more money in their hands. Deficit finance: Deficit financing refers to the procedure where the government in order to fund its excess expenses and spending, borrows extra funds from the market. It is another method of increasing money supply in the hands of the government and is caused due to its excessive spending. They do it either by borrowing or by printing new notes. Drop in expected real interest rates: Due to the usage of deficit finance and monetization of debt, there is a drop in the real interest rates. If the government borrows more, this can cause interest rates to increase. This is because they will need to increase interest rates in order to attract the private sector players to buy the extra debt. In the actual scenario, there is a drop in the interest rate because the interest rates go up in from their normal level, leading to a huge void in the financial market and less money in the hands of the public. If exchange rates are held constant, then a temporary period of normalcy remains in the international trade. Soon, the implications of excess fiscal deficit creeps min the exchange rates too and they also change their state. Other implications: There are various other implications of fiscal deficit, such as decline in exports as the government now becomes more depended on imported goods to fund their existence and trade. Imports increase and the net capital outflow increases, which is bad for an economy. Rise is debts takes place which results in service burden upon the entire economy, leading to a scenario of excessive demand and low supply (Juseliu and Takts 2015). The reserves of the country also decline because of expenditure pressure and external debt consequently rises. This causes a deficit in the balance of payments of the economy. It is the record of all the economic transactions performed between countries with the other economies of the world. The external finance of the economy also runs out and a shortage of the external finance takes place because of the pressure of low funds. Refinancing, rescheduling of the financial items and expenses and other necessary adjustments are performed in orde r to counter the effects of deficit financing and other price rise created by political pressure. Credit ratings refer to the measurement of the ability of a debtor to fulfil his or her financial obligations based on their previous records and performance. It is an estimate of a person or an organisations potential to honour their financial commitments. The ratings cover a wide arena of public financial instruments. Any kind of debt or similar kind of obligations towards investors and creditors of institutional nature; e.g. bonds, debentures, securities, mortgaged securities, convertible bonds, medium and long term securities are some of these instruments which comes under the ratings preview. The credit rating industry is mainly dominated by the big three; Moodys Investor Service, Standard Poors, Fitch ratings. They asses the credit worthiness of various countries and organisation. Moodys gathers information required to evaluate risks, who might purchase or own a security, develops a conclusion on the appropriate rating in its committee, monitors the ratings and afterwards informs the marketplace about its ratings. While developing the ratings, a scale is followed starting from the top Aaa to the lower C The scale is divided into two parts consisting of investment and speculative grade (Moodys.com, 2018). Both of them helps to est imate the creditworthiness. SP follows an eight step procedure in their credit rating process. The steps include setting up a contract, pre-evaluation, followed by a management meeting, notification, rating committee meeting, analysis of committees ratings, publication and surveillance of rated issuers and issues (Kingsley, 2018). Fitch uses an almost similar procedure in preparing their credit ratings as that of Moodys and SP and use an ABC rating scale for their ratings specially for their Long term debt and an F rating for short term debts. In case of Sovereign rating criteria, a specific set of uniqueness creeps in while performance of credit than individual ratings. When sovereign credit ratings come into the picture, the credit worthiness of the governments are generally performed. These governments are considered as bearers of more authority and power than the other individual entities. These special powers include the ability to raise taxes, the power of controlling supply of money and the power of setting laws. It is because of these unique risks that these entities are very different form the individual entities. In such cases, the clause of willingness to default is also looked into (Paudyn 2013). In such cases, the creditors also have a very limited means of resorting to legal action against sovereign defaulters. Consequently, the judgements against sovereigns are also difficult to implement and be enforced upon. There are five major factors influencing sovereign ratings. They are institutional and governance e ffectiveness, structure of the economy and its growth prospects, investment position internationally, fiscal flexibility and performance along with burden of debt and monetary flexibility. Income levels, growth prospects and the diversity of the economy are some of the chief drivers of the economic assessment of the Sovereign bodies. The major factors which are the primary determinants of the external assessment are status of the sovereign countrys currency, the external liquidity and the countrys external position. External assessment is very important from the view point of these rating agencies as has been proved in the case of Iceland, where the fiscal indicators had failed to warn and gauge the future troubles of the economy of Iceland during the collapse of the banks in 2008. Monetary policy credibility is another major rating criterion which is keenly looked by Standard poor for its credit assessment of the various countries. Independence of the Monetary authority of a country, its price stability, effectiveness of the monetary policy tools, the level of development of the countrys capital and money markets are some of the most important factors which are looked into during the procedure of assessment of the credibility of monetary policies. The fiscal score which is another important determinant of sovereign ratings refers to the average of the fiscal flexibility and performance scores along with the debt score. Debt score assists in showcasing a sovereigns potential level of debt, the cost of the debts and the structure of the debts undertaken by the countries themselves. The various kinds of contingent liabilities and the monetary assessment also form a paramount part of the ratings study of the agencies. The importance of credit ratings can never be debated. It plays a significant role in any nations economic development. The ratings provided by the big three is pivotal for any countrys development. It provides superior and low cost information; it provides greater credence to the financial instruments and the countrys performance (Kingsley 2018). Most importantly it restores back the faith of the global financial community on the financial performance of the concerned country. References: Anon, 2018.Corporate Culture in Banking: Why It Matters. [online] Oxford Law Faculty. Available at: https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/business-law-blog/blog/2016/10/corporate-culture-banking-why-it-matters [Accessed 29 Mar. 2018]. Apps.olin.wustl.edu. (2018). [online] Available at: https://apps.olin.wustl.edu/faculty/thakor/Website%20Papers/BehavioralRiskManagement-FinancialServicesIndustry.pdf [Accessed 29 Mar. 2018]. Barth, A., 2017. Corporate Culture and Banking. Dermine, J., 2013. Bank corporate governance, beyond the global banking crisis.Financial Markets, Institutions Instruments,22(5), pp.259-281. Eaton, J., Kortum, S., Neiman, B. and Romalis, J., 2016. Trade and the global recession.American Economic Review,106(11), pp.3401-38. Juselius, M. and Takts, E., 2015. Can demography affect inflation and monetary policy?. Kingsley, P. (2018). How credit ratings agencies rule the world. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/feb/15/credit-ratings-agencies-moodys [Accessed 29 Mar. 2018]. Moodys.com. (2018). Moody's - credit ratings, research, tools and analysis for the global capital markets. [online] Available at: https://www.moodys.com [Accessed 29 Mar. 2018]. Paudyn, B., 2013. Credit rating agencies and the sovereign debt crisis: Performing the politics of creditworthiness through risk and uncertainty.Review of International Political Economy,20(4), pp.788-818. Thakor, A., 2015. Corporate culture in banking.

Synthesis of P-Bromoaniline free essay sample

In this experiment, p-bromoaniline was synthesized in three steps starting from aniline. Since the amino group of aniline is a strong activator of aromatic ring, direct bromination is impractical (equation 1). In order to make a desired product, amino group needed to be protected as the acetamide which also maintained ortho and para position but slowed down the rate of reaction (equation 2). Slow reaction rate would increase the possibility of obtaining the para-position product (equation 3). Crystallization should occur. When no more crystals seem to form (5—10 minutes), vacuum filter the acetanilide, wash the crystals with small volumes of cold water and air dry for 5 minutes. 5. Pure acetanilide is usually obtained as white flakes. Recrystallize the obtained acetanilide from a minimum of hot water. Use 10 ml of water to start and increase the amount of water depending on the amount of acetanilide. 6. If the initial crystals were not white, add 0. 5g of decolorizing charcoal to the product in water and then heat to gently boiling. We will write a custom essay sample on Synthesis of P-Bromoaniline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 7. Remove the charcoal by hot gravity filtration ,using two pieces of fluted filter paper.

A Brief History of the Country of Morocco

A Brief History of the Country of Morocco In the Classical Antiquity era, Morocco experienced waves of invaders included Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, and Byzantines, but with the arrival of Islam, Morocco developed independent states that kept powerful invaders at bay. Berber Dynasties In 702 the Berbers submitted to the armies of Islam and adopted Islam. The first Moroccan states formed during these years, but many were still ruled by outsiders, some of whom were part of the Umayyad Caliphate that controlled most of northern Africa c. 700 CE. In 1056, a Berber empire arose however, under the Almoravid Dynasty, and for the next five hundred years Morocco was governed by Berber dynasties:  the Almoravids (from 1056), Almohads (from 1174), Marinid (from 1296), and Wattasid (from 1465). It was during the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties that Morocco controlled much of North Africa, Spain, and Portugal. In 1238, the Almohad lost control of  the Muslim portion of Spain and Portugal, known then as al-Andalus. The Marinid dynasty attempted to regain it, but never succeeded. Revival of Moroccan Power In the mid-1500s, a powerful state again arose in Morocco, under the leadership of the Saadi dynasty that had taken over southern Morocco in the early 1500s. The Saadi defeated the Wattasid in 1554, and then succeeded in holding off incursions by both the Portuguese and Ottoman Empires. In 1603 a succession dispute led to a period of unrest that did not end until 1671 with the formation of the Awalite Dynasty, which still governs Morocco to this day. During the unrest, Portugal had again gained a foothold in Morocco but was again thrown out by the new leaders. European Colonization By the mid 1800s, at a time when the influence of the Ottoman Empire was in decline, France and Spain began taking a great interest in Morocco. The Algeciras Conference (1906) that followed the First Moroccan Crisis formalized Frances special interest in the region (opposed by Germany), and the Treaty of Fez (1912) made Morocco a French protectorate. Spain gained authority over Ifni (to the south) and Tà ©touan to the north. In the 1920s the Rif Berbers of Morocco, under the leadership of Muhammad Abd el-Krim, rebelled against French and Spanish authority. The short lived Rif republic was crushed by a joint French/Spanish task force in 1926. Independence In 1953 France deposed the nationalist leader and sultan Mohammed V ibn Yusuf, but both nationalist and religious groups called for his return.  France capitulated, and Mohammed V returned in 1955. On the second of March in 1956, French Morocco gained independence. Spanish Morocco, except for the two enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, gained independence in April of 1956. Mohammed V was succeeded by his son, Hasan II ibn Mohammed, upon his death in 1961. Morocco became a constitutional monarchy in 1977. When Hassan II died in 1999 he was succeeded by his thirty-five year old son, Mohammed VI ibn al-Hassan. Dispute over Western Sahara When Spain withdrew from the Spanish Sahara in 1976, Morocco claimed sovereignty in the north. The Spanish portions to the south, known as Western Sahara, were supposed to become independent, but Morocco occupied the region in the Green March. Initially, Morocco divided the territory with Mauritania, but when Mauritania withdrew in 1979, Morocco claimed the whole. The status of the territory is a deeply contentious issue, with many international bodies like the United Nations recognizing it as a non-self-governing territory called the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Revised and Expanded by Angela Thompsell Sources: Clancy-Smith, Julia Anne, North Africa, Islam, and the Mediterranean world: from the Almoravids to the Algerian War. (2001). MINURSO Background, United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara. (Accessed 18 June 2015).

Attachment Theory and Research essays

Attachment Theory and Research essays As I was searching for articles on attachment, I ran across a very interesting research study on attachment. For 25 years, Dr. Erickson and her colleagues have been studying parent-child interactions in a longitudinal study. They wanted to know how parent-infant attachment develops, how it changes over time, and how the quality of attachment in infancy influences long-term development. Other professionals offer insightful case studies of attachment-based intervention (Research, p.1). They tell us what it is like to help individual parents move beyond their own experiences of need, loss, and trauma, and begin to provide love, nurturance, and emotionally responsive care to their babies. In 1975, they registered a group of high-risk young women who were pregnant with their first child. All of the women were from a poverty background, a majority were single, and most had a low level of education. They have collected detailed information from many sources, including a variety of observations of mother and child in natural and laboratory settings, semi-structured and structured interviews, and standardized assessments of parents and their children (Research, p.3) The goal was to identify factors that account for good parenting and healthy parent-child relationships, even in the face of high-risk circumstances. They found that love, nurturance, and emotionally responsive care from a primary caregiver are essential for normal, healthy development and attachment. Attachment is the affective bond that develops between an infant and a primary caregiver and it is also a pattern of interactions that develop over time as the infant and care giver interact, particularly in the context of the infants needs and bids for attention and comfort (Research, p.3). The caregivers response to such bids help mold the attachment relationship into a pattern of interactions that develops over the first year of life. Attachment sup...